Answers
Answers
Straight answers to 84 common questions about research peptides: purity and testing, certificates, storage, reconstitution, retatrutide, and buying and shipping in the EU.
Peptide basicsWhat a peptide actually is, what amino acids and peptide bonds are, and what terms like receptor, agonist and in vitro mean.9 questionsRetatrutide explainedWhat retatrutide is, what a triple agonist means, what GLP-1, GIP and glucagon do, and why the vial is 10 mg.10 questionsPurity and testingWhat 99% HPLC purity means, how HPLC and mass spectrometry differ, what third-party testing is, and how to verify a purity claim.11 questionsCertificates and labelsHow to read a Certificate of Analysis, what lot and CAS numbers mean, and what should be printed on a peptide vial label.9 questionsStorage and stabilityWhy peptides ship as powder, what lyophilisation is, how to store them, and what light, heat and freeze-thaw cycles do.10 questionsReconstitution and measuringWhich water to use, how to work out concentration and draw volume, how to read syringe units, and how long reconstituted peptide lasts.14 questionsBuying and shippingHow to check a supplier is legitimate, why unusually cheap material is a warning, what research use only means, and how EU shipping works.11 questionsPeptide research glossaryPlain-English definitions of the terms that appear on peptide certificates, labels and product pages, A to Z.10 questions
Peptide basics
- What is a peptide?
- What are amino acids?
- What is a peptide bond?
- What is molecular weight?
- What is a receptor?
- What is an agonist?
- What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?
- What does in vitro mean?
- What is the difference between in vitro and in vivo?
Retatrutide explained
- What is retatrutide?
- What does triple agonist mean?
- What do GLP-1, GIP and glucagon do?
- What is an incretin?
- What do incretin hormones do?
- What is the difference between single, dual and triple agonists?
- What is peptide half-life?
- What is the difference between half-life and duration of action?
- What is a phase 2 clinical trial?
- Why is retatrutide sold as 10 mg?
Purity and testing
- What does 99% HPLC purity actually mean?
- What is HPLC testing?
- What is mass spectrometry?
- What is the difference between HPLC and mass spectrometry?
- What is quality control testing?
- Why does batch consistency matter?
- What counts as third-party testing?
- What is endotoxin testing?
- How do you read an HPLC chromatogram?
- How do you verify peptide purity?
- What does research grade actually mean?
Certificates and labels
- What is a Certificate of Analysis?
- How do you read a Certificate of Analysis?
- Should every peptide lot come with a certificate?
- What is a lot number?
- Why do lot numbers matter?
- What is a CAS number?
- What does a CAS number tell you?
- How do you read a peptide vial label?
- How do you document peptide research properly?
Storage and stability
- What is lyophilisation?
- What does lyophilised mean?
- Why do peptides ship as a powder?
- What is the cake at the bottom of a peptide vial?
- How do you store research peptides?
- What are the most common peptide storage mistakes?
- Does light or heat damage peptides?
- Do freeze-thaw cycles damage peptides?
- Do peptides need to stay cold in shipping?
- Why are peptides in glass vials and not plastic?
Reconstitution and measuring
- What does reconstitution mean?
- How do you reconstitute a peptide?
- What is bacteriostatic water?
- What is bacteriostatic water used for?
- What is the difference between sterile and bacteriostatic water?
- How do you work out how much to draw?
- How do you read the units on a syringe?
- Which graduation should be used?
- What is an aliquot?
- How long does reconstituted peptide last?
- Can you freeze reconstituted peptide?
- What if the solution looks cloudy?
- How should I store it before mixing?
- How do you handle research peptides cleanly?
Buying and shipping
- How do you check a supplier is legitimate?
- How do you spot a fake peptide vendor?
- Why are some peptides so cheap?
- Is a higher price better quality?
- What does research use only mean?
- Does it matter which country peptides ship from?
- Is the packaging discreet?
- How fast do EU peptide orders ship?
- Will EU orders clear customs?
- How is a peptide batch quality tested?
- Why is the vial 10 mg?